Resources

This paper analyzes postregistration costs and state policies that can make it easier for registered citizens to vote. Authors find that mailing each registrant a sample ballot and information about the location of their polling place, and providing a longer voting day enhance turnout, especially by the young and the less educated.

This classic book examines the consequences winning and losing for the legitimacy of democratic political institutions and systems.

A foundational study of the early consequences of all vote-by-mail elections. This paper studies individual-level voter turnout data in Oregon and concludes that all vote-by-mail elections increase turnout by retaining voters in the electorate, rather than by allowing more low-propensity voters to participate.

Authors examine the question of whether or not conducting elections entirely through the mail rather than at the traditional polling place increases participation. Using election data from Oregon, the authors examine whether mail-based elections increase turnout in both local and statewide elections. The paper uses precinct-level data merged with census data. It finds that, while all-mail elections tend to produce higher turnout, the most significant increases occur in low-stimulus elections, such as local elections or primaries, where turnout is usually low. The increase in turnout, however, is not uniform across demographic groups. Voting only by mail is likely to increase turnout among those who are already predisposed to vote, such as those with higher socioeconomic status. This is one of the early foundational studies of voting by mail.

Stein's article "Early Voting" provides a foundational analysis of who votes early, how early voters behave in contrast to election-day voters, and whether their ballot choices differ. The article discusses findings related to attitudinal and demographic differences between early and election-day voters, and partisan advantage, among others.

In this paper, authors develop a resource model of political participation whereby time, money, and civic skills are distributed differently among socioeconomic groups. Access to these resources help individuals overcome voting barriers and thus have a strong impact on political participation.

In this paper, Aldrich asserts that voting is a "marginal activity" which is affected by costs. He finds that because the costs and benefits of voting are low, small "non-rational" factors such as social pressure or psychological stakes can impact a person's decision to vote. These findings are foundational to academic literature on voter turnout.

In 2023, the Bridging Divides Initiative began surveying local election officials to better understand the degree to which election officials face insults, harassment, threats, and physical attacks throughout their career. The survey is administered quarterly, providing frequent snapshots into how threats and violence toward election officials is evolving over time.

This paper analyzes whether the preferences and actions of local election officials are impacted by their method of selection - election or appointment - with a focus on the experiences of LEOs in Wisconsin. Authors found notable differences in support of voter access and concerns about ballot security and administrative costs, among other things.

This paper examines scholarly literature since 2008 regarding the motivation of public officials to serve their community. The authors identify several lessons impacting management and leadership of the public workforce, including the role of cooperative work environments in facilitating public service motivation, and using public service motivation as a selection tool, among other things.